Nicotine and Varicose Veins

In addition, nicotine can damage the endothelial cells lining the arterial and venous walls, leading to endothelial dysfunction. (1) Endothelial cells play a crucial role in maintaining healthy blood vessels, and when they are damaged, it can lead to inflammation, plaque buildup, and ultimately atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) and […]
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